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The T38 Mortar Motor Carriage was a variation on the M37 105mm Howitzer Motor Carriage, armed with a 4.2in mortar in place of the howitzer. The M37 was a self-propelled howitzer based on the M24 Chaffee light tank. It had an open fighting compartment, with the howitzer mounted just to the right of centre and firing through the front plate of the new superstructure.
The T38 used the same superstructure as the M37, but with the howitzer removed and the opening in the front of the superstructure closed. The 4.2in mortar was mounted within the fighting compartment, and could be fired from there, but it could also be removed and fired from a base plate that was carried on the vehicle. One pilot vehicle was completed before the end of the Second World War and trials lasted into 1949, but the type wasn't accepted for production.